{"id":694,"date":"2020-06-25T23:37:21","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T20:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/?p=694"},"modified":"2020-07-13T10:22:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-13T07:22:44","slug":"694","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/25\/694\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">\u0130\u015eLETMELER\u0130N STOK Y\u00d6NET\u0130M MODELLER\u0130, STOK TUTMA SEBEPLER\u0130 VE DEPO \u00dcSTYAPI TERC\u0130H KR\u0130TERLER\u0130<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130\u015eLETMELER\u0130N STOK Y\u00d6NET\u0130M MODELLER\u0130<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dcretimin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011finin t\u00fcketime ba\u011fl\u0131 olma prensibi do\u011frultusunda, tedarik zincirinde yer alan t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerin, sorumlu olduklar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ve\/veya hizmetleri gerekli ve yeterli miktarda haz\u0131rda bulundurmalar\u0131 gereklidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015fletmelerin sahip oldu\u011fu ve kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r durumdaki; hammadde, yar\u0131 mamul ve mamullere stok ad\u0131 verilir. Sto\u011fun verimli ve etkili kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 stok y\u00f6netim modelleri mevcuttur. \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin \u00f6zelliklerine ve t\u00fcketim e\u011filimine g\u00f6re geli\u015ftirilen stok y\u00f6netim modellerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0130lk kabul edilen ilk sevk edilir (FIFO &#8211; First In First Out)<\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">*<\/span><\/strong> \u0130lk s\u00fcresi dolan ilk sevk edilir ( FEFO &#8211; First Expires First Out ) <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">* 1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li><li>Son kabul edilen ilk sevk edilir (LIFO &#8211; Last In First Out) <\/li><li>En pahal\u0131 ilk sevk edilir (HIFO &#8211; Highest cost In First Out)<\/li><li>Ortalama de\u011ferdeki sevk edilir (Avarage cost \/ avarage weighted cost)<\/li><li>Zaman\u0131nda tedarik metodolojisi (Just In Time)<\/li><li>Ekonomik Sipari\u015f Miktar\u0131 (Economic Order Quantity)<\/li><li>ABC Analizi (ABC Analysis)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu stok y\u00f6netim modellerinin amac\u0131; nakit ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, maliyetleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir hale getirmek, depolama ve i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, at\u0131l stoku ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve izlenilebilirli\u011fi art\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Buradaki maliyet verimli\u011fi ise, &#8220;Stok &#8211; Sevk Edilen \u00dcr\u00fcn =&#8221; i\u015flemiyle basit olarak tespit edilir. Stok ile sat\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn birbirine ne kadar yak\u0131nsa, depolama giderleri o etkide d\u00fc\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Grafik.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-695\" width=\"296\" height=\"235\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130\u015eLETMELER\u0130N STOK TUTMA SEBEPLER\u0130<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p> \u0130\u015fletmelerin stok tutma nedenlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda; sat\u0131\u015f modeli, talep tahmini, \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci ve \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; marketler \u00fczerinden sat\u0131\u015f yapan bir i\u015fletme, emniyet sto\u011fu tutma zorunlulu\u011funa sahiptir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn haz\u0131r bulundurulabilirli\u011fi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak, y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcs\u00fc sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapan bir firman\u0131n y\u0131lda bir kez yo\u011fun sat\u0131\u015f yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi i\u00e7in, talep d\u00f6neminde sat\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131r \u00fcr\u00fcnleri envanterinde bulundurmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ise, \u00fcretim hatt\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak i\u015fler halde olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Otomobil \u00fcreticisi emniyet sto\u011fu ile \u00fcretimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken; yar\u0131 mam\u00fcl\/hammadde\/mam\u00fcl tedarik eden tedarik\u00e7isi ise, sorumluluklar\u0131 gere\u011fi \u00fcretim band\u0131n\u0131n durmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in stoklu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorundad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya, son zamanlarda tam zaman\u0131nda \u00fcretim (just in time) ve stoksuz tedarik zinciri y\u00f6netim modellerine y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. Ancak, covid-19 sebebiyle, tedarik zincirlerinin yerelle\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00fcretim ile t\u00fcketim noktalar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretilmesi kadar, do\u011fru yerde ve do\u011fru zamanda ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Genellemek gerekirse, seri ve hacimli \u00fcretim yapan firmalar stoklu \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken; sipari\u015fe \u00f6zel ve talebe g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcreten i\u015fletmeler stoksuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda daha elveri\u015flidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130\u015eLETMELER\u0130N DEPO \u00dcSTYAPI TERC\u0130H KR\u0130TERLER\u0130<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Depolarda stok takibinin kolayl\u0131kla yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in raf veya alan d\u00fczenlemeleri marifetiyle, y\u00fck muhafaza ekipmanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Saklama alan\u0131n\u0131n ve raf sisteminin belirlenmesi hususunda etkili olan fakt\u00f6rler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Deponun fiziksel ko\u015fullar\u0131 (Arazi, yol giri\u015fi, zemin, fiziki ko\u015fullar, do\u011fal afet riski vb.)<\/li><li>Depolanacak \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu alan \u00f6zellikleri (Raf, d\u00fcz alan vb.) ve saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131 (Is\u0131 kontroll\u00fc, yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k alan, kapal\u0131 alan vb.) <\/li><li>Depolanacak \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin elle\u00e7lenme \u00f6zellikleri (Vin\u00e7, forklift, transpalet)&nbsp; ve ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00fcniteleri (konteyner, vagon, d\u00f6kme, paletli, \u00e7uvall\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 tank vb.)<\/li><li>Depolama yo\u011funlu\u011fu (Depolama hacmi analiz edilerek, derinlik derecesine g\u00f6re raf se\u00e7imi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Derinlik artt\u0131k\u00e7a depolama alan\u0131 artarken, elle\u00e7leme h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer ve i\u015f\u00e7ilik artar.)<\/li><li>Stok y\u00f6netim modeli<\/li><li>Depoda yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemler (Ambalajlama, ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, kit haline getirme, birle\u015ftirme, \u00e7apraz sevkiyat, milk run vb operasyonlar)<\/li><li>Deponun \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rleri (Depo i\u00e7i iklimlendirme, \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131rma ve temizlik ihtiyac\u0131, raf se\u00e7imini etklemektedir.)<\/li><li>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan ve y\u00fck g\u00fcvenli\u011fi (Y\u00fcklerin \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, elle\u00e7leme ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermektedir. Zaman ve g\u00fcvenlik y\u00f6netimi do\u011frultusunda, raf sisteminin belirlenmesinde mikro fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.)<\/li><li>Gelecekteki kapasite ihtiyac\u0131 (\u0130\u015fletmeler asgari ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nplanda tutarken, gelece\u011fi de iyi planlamak durumundad\u0131r. Talebin kar\u015f\u0131lanamayaca\u011f\u0131 durumlar\u0131n da de\u011ferlendirilerek, raf sisteminin belirlenmesi gereklidir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, elle\u00e7leme i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan transpalet, forklift (dizel, elektrikli), konteyner istif makinalar\u0131, konvey\u00f6r bantlar gibi ara\u00e7lar da, depolanacak \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn cinsine g\u00f6re belirlenir. Ekipman sistemini belirleyen fakt\u00f6rler, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilmektedir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Depolanacak \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin cinsi ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi (G\u0131da, kimyasal madde, tehlikeli madde vb.) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">*<\/span><\/strong> \u00d6rne\u011fin: kapal\u0131 depolarda, egzoz sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ve kokusu sebebiyle, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dizel forkliflerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle kapal\u0131 depolarda, elektrikli forklift kullan\u0131lm\u0131 zorunludur.) <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">* 2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li><li>Deponun fiziki ko\u015fullar\u0131 (Seyyar rampa, vin\u00e7, forklift, k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fc rampa gibi se\u00e7enekler, fiziki ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tesisin alt ve \u00fcst yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sundu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131tlar, kritik rol oynamaktad\u0131r.)<\/li><li>Depo faaliyetleri, y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma i\u015flemlerinin gereklilikleri (Konvey\u00f6r band gibi ekipmanlar, \u00e7apraz sevkiyat\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu depolarda tercih edilir. Bu nedenle, depo i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve sevkiyat yo\u011funlu\u011fu, ekipman sistemini belirleyen mikro fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.)<\/li><li>Stok y\u00f6netim sistemi (FIFO ve FEFO stok y\u00f6netim modelleri, genellikle son kullanma tarihi olan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde uygulan\u0131r. Bu gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesislerde, AS\/RS &#8211; automated storage and retrieval system &#8211; depo sistemi kullan\u0131labilmektedir.)<\/li><li>Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i i\u015fletme maliyetlerinin analizi (Yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetleri de, dolayl\u0131 yoldan ekipman se\u00e7iminde rol oynamaktad\u0131r. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n gereklilik ve \u00f6ncelik durumu analiz edilerek, ekipman se\u00e7imi hakk\u0131nda karar verilmelidir.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">NOT:<\/span><\/strong> Metinde yer alan at\u0131flar (<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">*<\/span>1<\/span> &amp; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">*<\/span>2<\/span>), Say\u0131n Atilla Y\u0131ld\u0131ztekin&#8217;e ait g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere istinaden metne eklenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u015eLETMELER\u0130N STOK Y\u00d6NET\u0130M MODELLER\u0130, STOK TUTMA SEBEPLER\u0130 VE DEPO \u00dcSTYAPI TERC\u0130H KR\u0130TERLER\u0130 \u0130\u015eLETMELER\u0130N STOK Y\u00d6NET\u0130M MODELLER\u0130 \u00dcretimin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011finin t\u00fcketime ba\u011fl\u0131 olma prensibi do\u011frultusunda, tedarik zincirinde yer alan t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerin, sorumlu olduklar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ve\/veya hizmetleri gerekli ve yeterli miktarda haz\u0131rda bulundurmalar\u0131&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tmgd","no-post-thumbnail"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=694"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":706,"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions\/706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yagizozbir.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}